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12Th Grade Worksheets
Guide your 12th-grade students through their final year with worksheets that solidify their understanding and readiness for life after graduation. These resources cover complex subjects and critical life skills. Incorporate them to ensure your students are well-prepared for their next steps.
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Chemistry Binder Covers – Templates for Classroom Use
Life Sciences, Science, STEM, Inventors, Basic Science, Chemistry, Special Resources, Montessori, Classroom Management, Resources for Teachers, Homeschool Templates, Grade 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, Worksheets, Worksheets & Printables, Teacher Tools, Projects, Activities, Workbooks, Drawing Templates & Outlines, Templates, Graphic Organizers, Experiments
Chemistry Binder Covers – Templates for Classroom Use Organize your chemistry handouts, notes, and units with visual clarity Simple and flexible templates to help organize your chemistry materials In my chemistry classes, it can be a challenge to keep things organized - especially when it comes to multiple units, lab notes, worksheets and review materials. To make it easier for my students and myself, I designed these simple binder sleeves. There are 12 different pages. The covers have a clean, colorful blob layout that is friendly but not distracting. I usually print them out and use them as cover sheets or as dividers in folders for students or teachers. They also work well for digital learning environments, e.g. as section covers in PDF files or on classroom platforms. I like that the color scheme allows students to quickly find what they are looking for, and it brings a little more structure to a subject that is often riddled with formulas and technical terms. When used as cover sheets, students can choose their favorite color for their cover sheet. This resource is handy - and has saved me a lot of time in lesson preparation and follow-up. What’s included: 12 chemistry-themed cover pages different colors zu choose as a cover sheet as a divider between the individual chemistry topics I've printed these on colored paper for my own binder and also used them digitally in student notebooks. Works well for both teacher organization and student-facing materials. 📍 Best wishes, Heike from Lernfitness Chemistry teacher (Biology teacher, Math teacher) in Germany Did You Know? I teach with a certified therapy dog, and together we create a positive and inspiring learning environment. 🐶✨
Author Lernfitness
Rating
Tags Science, STEM, Chemistry, Binder, Template, Cover Sheet, Organizer, Organize, GoodNotes, PDF
Lynn Margulis – Fact Sheet, Quiz & Interactive PDF incl. H5P
Life Sciences, Science, STEM, History, Social Studies, Biographies, Inventors, Basic Science, Physics, Biology, Grade 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, Worksheets, Worksheets & Printables, Quizzes, Quizzes and Tests, Teacher Tools, Projects, Activities
Scientist Lynn Margulis - Fact Sheet, Quiz & Interactive Version (PDF & H5P) Lynn Margulis – Endosymbiosis and a New View of Evolution Fact Sheet, Quiz & Interactive Exercises (PDF + H5P) 🧫🔬 This 45-minute resource introduces students in grades 7–10 to Lynn Margulis – a scientist who challenged conventional ideas about evolution and opened up new ways of understanding how complex cells came to be. Many students are familiar with Darwin and natural selection, but fewer know about Margulis and her theory of endosymbiosis. Through her work in the 1960s and 70s, she proposed that parts of our cells – like mitochondria and chloroplasts – actually originated from ancient symbiotic bacteria. Her ideas weren’t widely accepted at first, but over time they became a foundational part of modern biology. To make this topic accessible, I’ve put together a compact, ready-to-use lesson with everything needed for a solid introduction. It includes a short informational text, a fact sheet, quiz questions with answers, and a creative partner task. All materials are available in both color and black-and-white versions, plus there’s an H5P version for digital use. What’s included: A student-friendly text about Lynn Margulis and her contributions to evolutionary biology A fact sheet to help students collect and structure key points Quiz questions with solutions for quick checks or review A pair activity where students create and exchange their own questions Printable PDF and interactive H5P formats for flexible use 💻 Answer key included ✅ I’ve used this resource as part of our evolution unit, especially when discussing how scientific theories develop and why some ideas take time to be accepted. It also fits well into lessons on women in science or interdisciplinary approaches to biology. The format allows for independent work, partner activities, or short projects – whatever suits your group best. 🚀 Download now and bring the legacy of Lynn Margulis into your biology lessons today! 📍 Best wishes, Heike from Lernfitness Did You Know? I teach with a certified therapy dog, and together we create a positive and inspiring learning environment. 🐶✨
Author Lernfitness
Tags Science, Biology, Famous Scientists Lesson, H5P, Interactive Science Exercises, STEM, History, Scientists, Lynn Margulis, Endosymbiotic Theory
Chemistry Class Guidelines – Editable in PowerPoint & KeyNote
STEM, Science, Chemistry, Physics, Life Sciences, Basic Science, Resources for Teachers, Classroom Management, Montessori, Grade 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, Classroom Decor, Banners, Bulletin Boards, Door Decor, Posters, Word Walls, Teacher Tools, Worksheets & Printables, Worksheets, Templates
Chemistry Class Guidelines – Editable in PowerPoint & KeyNote A clear and customizable set of rules to start your chemistry class off right 🧪📋 Whether you're starting with a new class, taking over a course mid-year, or simply want to reset expectations, having a set of clear, student-friendly guidelines can make a big difference. This editable resource gives you the flexibility to present your classroom rules in a structured, visually consistent format – while still adapting the content to your own teaching style. The rules cover core areas of classroom life: from behavior during experiments to notebook organization and grading criteria. You can choose between 12 calming "boho" color themes or two clean black-and-white versions – depending on whether you want something simple, customizable, or a bit more colorful for student binders or digital notebooks. What’s included: Editable PowerPoint and KeyNote files Non-editable PDF for quick printing 12 color themes + 2 black-and-white layouts Sections included: – Materials for class – Homework – Absences – Notebook organization – Classroom behavior – Experiments – Grading How I use it in class: I introduce these rules at the beginning of the term and give students a printed copy or add them to their digital notebooks (e.g. GoodNotes or Notability). Some even choose their favorite color version and use it as a cover page in their binder. We go over each rule together and I invite students to ask questions or offer suggestions, which helps build a shared understanding of expectations. This isn’t a rigid rule sheet – it’s a flexible tool you can shape to fit your classroom. Whether you're teaching in a lab or more theory-based setting, it gives your students something they can refer back to all year long. Just open, adjust, and you’re ready to go. 📍 Best wishes, Heike from @Lernfitness Did You Know? I teach with a certified therapy dog, and together we create a positive and welcoming learning environment. 🐶
Author Lernfitness
Rating
Tags Chemistry, Decoration, Classroom Decor, Banners, Door Decor, Decor, Science Room, Chemistry Class Guidelines, Editable, Rules
Konrad Lorenz – Fact Sheet, Quiz & Interactive PDF incl. H5P
Life Sciences, Science, STEM, History, Social Studies, Biographies, Inventors, Basic Science, Physics, Biology, Grade 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, Worksheets, Worksheets & Printables, Quizzes, Quizzes and Tests, Teacher Tools, Projects, Activities
Scientist Konrad Lorenz - Fact Sheet, Quiz & Interactive Version (PDF & H5P) Konrad Lorenz – Animal Behavior and the Roots of Ethology Fact Sheet, Quiz & Interactive Exercises (PDF + H5P) 🦢🧠 This 45-minute resource introduces students in grades 7–10 to Konrad Lorenz – a key figure in the development of modern ethology, the study of animal behavior. Many students enjoy learning about animals, but the scientific side of behavior research ist oft weniger bekannt. Lorenz is especially known for his work on imprinting in geese – observing how young animals form strong attachments during a critical period after birth. His careful observations helped shape the way we think about instinct, learning, and behavior in both animals and humans. To make this topic approachable, I’ve put together a compact, ready-to-use lesson. It includes a short informational text, a fact sheet, quiz questions with answers, and a creative partner task. The materials are available in both color and black-and-white versions, plus there’s an H5P version for digital use. What’s included: A short, student-friendly text about Konrad Lorenz and his contributions to behavioral science A fact sheet to help students organize key ideas Quiz questions (with answer key) for review or self-check A partner task where students come up with their own questions and exchange them Formats: Printable/digital PDF and interactive H5P 💻 Answer key included ✅ I’ve used this material when introducing the basics of behavior in biology – especially to discuss how scientific observation works in practice. It also fits nicely into lessons on instinct vs. learning or historical perspectives on animal research. The flexible format works well for independent study, pair work, or short projects. 🚀 Download now and bring the legacy of Konrad Lorenz into your biology lessons today! 📍 Best wishes, Heike from Lernfitness Did You Know? I teach with a certified therapy dog, and together we create a positive and inspiring learning environment. 🐶✨
Author Lernfitness
Tags Science, Biology, Famous Scientists Lesson, H5P, Interactive Science Exercises, STEM, History, Scientists, Konrad Lorenz, Animal Behavior
David Attenborough – Fact Sheet, Quiz & Interactive PDF incl. H5P
Life Sciences, Science, STEM, History, Social Studies, Biographies, Inventors, Basic Science, Animals, Nature & Plants, Grade 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, Worksheets, Worksheets & Printables, Quizzes, Quizzes and Tests, Teacher Tools, Projects, Activities
Scientist David Attenborough - Fact Sheet, Quiz & Interactive Version (PDF & H5P) David Attenborough – Nature, Storytelling, and the Voice of the Planet Fact Sheet, Quiz & Interactive Exercises (PDF + H5P) 🌍🎙️ This 45-minute resource introduces students in grades 7–10 to David Attenborough – a broadcaster and natural historian who has spent decades bringing the wonders of the natural world into classrooms and living rooms around the globe. Many students recognize his voice from documentaries, but fewer know about his lifelong work in nature education and conservation. Through detailed observations and powerful storytelling, Attenborough has helped generations understand ecosystems, biodiversity, and the urgent need to protect our planet. His approach combines science with emotion – making complex ideas more relatable. To help students engage with his legacy, I’ve put together a ready-to-use lesson. It includes an informational text, a fact sheet, quiz questions with answers, and a creative partner task. The materials are available in both color and black-and-white versions, plus an H5P version for interactive use. What’s included: A student-friendly text about David Attenborough’s life and work A fact sheet for organizing key points Quiz questions (with answer key) for comprehension and review A creative partner activity where students write and exchange their own questions Formats: Printable PDF and interactive H5P 💻 Answer key included ✅ I’ve used this resource in units on ecosystems, climate change, or environmental ethics. It also works well when exploring how media can support science education. The flexible format suits both individual learning and small group activities. 🚀 Download now and bring the legacy of David Attenborough into your biology lessons today! 📍 Best wishes to you , Heike from Lernfitness Did You Know? I teach with a certified therapy dog, and together we create a positive and inspiring learning environment. 🐶✨
Author Lernfitness
Tags Science, Biology, Famous Scientists Lesson, H5P, Interactive Science Exercises, STEM, History, Scientists, David Attenborough, Nature Documentary
Seasonal Life Skills - How to Dress for Spring Summer, Fall and Winter
Special Resources, Creative Arts, Art, Life Studies, Social Emotional Learning (SEL), Special Education Needs (SEN), Life Skills, Career, Grade 10, 11, 12, Activities, Worksheets & Printables, Worksheets
How to Dress for Spring, Summer, Fall, and Winter is an engaging and interactive functional life skills activity specifically designed for high school students and young adults. This activity focuses on teaching the importance of selecting appropriate clothing for each season, empowering students to make informed decisions. Key Features: * Carefully crafted to develop students' ability to make informed decisions about suitable attire for different weather conditions, enhancing their functional life skills. * Reading comprehension questions provide clues such as the season, temperature, occasion, weather, and location, enabling students to approach their decision-making process systematically. * Visual appeal is enhanced with images and illustrations that aid comprehension, making learning enjoyable and accessible. Visual cues reinforce the concept of season-appropriate clothing and improve understanding and retention. * Real-life scenarios reflect students' challenges when dressing for different seasons, promoting problem-solving skills and the practical application of knowledge. This comprehensive resource includes a total of 150 reading comprehension questions, fostering independence in high school students as they develop essential life skills for various contexts: school, home, and community. This handout is particularly valuable in special education classes or one-to-one settings such as ABA therapy, speech therapy, job coaches, occupational therapy, and Registered Behavior Technician (RBT) sessions. The activity is ideal for hands-on and community-based learning, engaging students in interactive instruction while reinforcing learning objectives. It is suitable for grade 10, grade 11, and grade 12 students, as well as autism life skill centers . This printable, easy-to-use activity is designed to assist teens and adults with difficulties in developing independent living skills. It provides step-by-step instructions, comprehensive questions and answers, age-appropriate graphics, real-world examples, and implementation ideas. Empower your special education class with this highly interactive High School Functional Life Skills Activity, promoting independence and facilitating personal growth. Related Products for Developing Independent Living Skills How to Read a Basic Pay Stub How to Fill Out a Job Application How to Create an Emergency Exit Plan How to Create a Strong Password A PDF with 50 unique pages. Color and black-and-white versions of each page are available for this pdf resource.
Author Adulting Life Skills Resources
Tags Employment Related, Independent Living Skills, IEP Goal-Oriented Skills, Community-Based Instruction, Autism Resource For Parent , Life Skills For Autistic Teens And Adults, Adulting On The Spectrum, Social And Emotional Learning, Life Skills For Adults, Life Skills For Teens
Biology Binder Covers – Templates for Classroom Use
Life Sciences, Science, STEM, Basic Science, Special Resources, Montessori, Classroom Management, Resources for Teachers, Biology, Human Body, Homeschool Templates, Grade 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, Worksheets, Worksheets & Printables, Teacher Tools, Projects, Activities, Workbooks, Drawing Templates & Outlines, Templates, Graphic Organizers, Experiments
Biology Binder Covers – Templates for Classroom Use Organize your biology handouts, notes, and units with visual clarity Simple and flexible templates to help organize your biology materials In my biology classes, it can be a challenge to keep things organized - especially when it comes to multiple units, lab notes, worksheets and review materials. To make it easier for my students and myself, I designed these simple binder sleeves. There are 12 different pages. The covers have a clean, colorful blob layout that is friendly but not distracting. I usually print them out and use them as cover sheets or as dividers in folders for students or teachers. They also work well for digital learning environments, e.g. as section covers in PDF files or on classroom platforms. I like that the color scheme allows students to quickly find what they are looking for, and it brings a little more structure to a subject that is often riddled with formulas and technical terms. When used as cover sheets, students can choose their favorite color for their cover sheet. This resource is handy - and has saved me a lot of time in lesson preparation and follow-up. What’s included: 12 biology-themed cover pages different colors zu choose as a cover sheet as a divider between the individual biology topics I've printed these on colored paper for my own binder and also used them digitally in student notebooks. Works well for both teacher organization and student-facing materials. 📍 Best wishes, Heike from Lernfitness Biology teacher (Chemistry teacher, Math teacher) in Germany Did You Know? I teach with a certified therapy dog, and together we create a positive and inspiring learning environment. 🐶✨
Author Lernfitness
Rating
Tags Science, Biology, STEM, Binder, Cover Sheet, Template, Organizer, Organize, GoodNotes, PDF
Types of Investments: Personal Financial Literacy- GICs, Stocks, Etc.
Life Studies, Home Economics, Finance, Math, Special Resources, Life Skills, Percentages, Grade 9, 10, 11, 12, Worksheets & Printables, Worksheets, Lesson Plans, Teacher Tools
This 3-page lesson that includes student worksheets will help teach your high school students about all the different kinds of investments that they can purchase to grow their savings and net worth. Get teenagers interested in investing early to help improve their financial literacy! It’s an easy-to-use lesson for a finance, career and personal planning, family and consumer sciences, life skills, or applied math class. How to Use: 1. Students will learn the basic vocabulary (including rate of return and principal) and concepts (including risk versus reward and time horizon) surrounding investments. 2. Six different kinds of investments are introduced (savings accounts, GICs, stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and Exchange Traded Funds). 3. For each, students will determine the basic pros and cons and research to find one or more current interest rates and/or rates of return. They can use the information on the worksheets and complete more research online. 4. Finally, students are asked to decide how they would invest a $1 million inheritance into 3 different kinds of investments. They will choose how much to put into each investment, and they will explain why they made their picks (based on when they might need to use the money and what they want to use it for). What's Included: 5 Page PDF: Ready to Print and Use! - Teacher Instructions - 2-Page Student Worksheet: six types of investments and investment vocabulary - 1-Page Student Worksheet: How would you invest $1 million? - Sample Answer Key If you enjoy this product, check out other investment and financial literacy lessons in my store: Types of Investment Accounts in Canada: Teaches about the Registered Investment Accounts Available in Canada Types of Investment Accounts in the US: Teaches about the Registered Investment Accounts Available in the USA Net Worth: Assets - Liabilities = Equity: Teaches Students How to Build Their Net Worth
Author Grace Under Pressure
Tags Personal Financial Literacy, Financial Literacy, High School Financial Literacy, Investing, Investments, Stocks, Bonds, Gics, Family Consumer Sciences, Life Skills
Smallpox Reading Comprehension Article
Science, Life Sciences, Biology, Grade 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, Worksheets & Printables, Worksheets
Smallpox Reading Comprehension Article This teaching resource, 'Smallpox Reading Comprehension Article', is a comprehensive tool designed to address topics surrounding the complex subject of Smallpox. It provides an educational yet engaging method for teachers and students alike to delve into this important health-related topic. The crafted content of this resource comprehensively covers major aspects such as: Smallpox history Types Effects Prevention measures Accessible via Google Classroom with ease for both distance learning or in-class settings, this resource fits seamlessly into any educational context. This flexibility means that educators can deploy it in various ways – whether that be as introduction material for the topic at hand or as simplified homework assignments. Drawing from several customer reviews citing its impressive utility value specifically noted practical applications extend such like being handy sub plans during teacher's absences or even offering extra credit opportunities if needed throughout schooling scenarios thus making teaching responsibilities more manageable more efficacious too. In Conclusion Educators seeking a teaching tool that not only enriches their students' understanding of Smallpox but also enhances skills ranging from deeper comprehension to critical thinking need to look no further than the 'Smallpox Reading Comprehension Article'. No matter grading level or location - physical classroom distant learning set-up - each copy can be readily accessed via Microsoft Word PDF versions availed. To wrap it up, 'Smallpox Reading Comprehension Article' is not just another article; but significant leap towards nurturing scientifically astute citizens the future requires.
Author Teach With Fergy
Tags Smallpox, History, Types, Effects, Prevention
Writing A Personal Statement Or Job Application (EFL Work Pack) 8+
ELA, Language Development, ESL, Grade 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, Worksheets & Printables, Worksheets
Writing A Personal Statement Or Job Application (EFL Work Pack) 8+ An invaluable tool for educators working with intermediary English speakers. An edition under the 'Improve Your English As A Foreign Language' series of work packs, this resource can well equip students in understanding written English and crafting their own high-quality communicative scripts. Engaging Learning Engaging for both young learners aged 8 years and older, as well as adults, it presents lessons with a balance between humour and learning ethics. Guiding students through the learning process is the playful character 'the alien Zoggy', evoking a sense of fun-loving curiosity while achieving desired learning objectives. Linguistic Roadmap The dissemination of objective information forms part and parcel of Writing A Personal Statement Or Job Application (EFL Work Pack) 8+. It introduces idioms and colloquial expressions that fluent speakers often use, in order to prevent roadblocks for non-native speakers during discourse. The appropriate usage of prepositions after verbs is clearly explained through easy-to-understand examples, fostering self-confidence in sentence construction amongst students. Formal Letter Writing: Students also receive instruction on how to set out formal letters efficiently – an important skill when applying for positions or elaborating personal views professionally. Vocabulary Enhancement: Routine words get replaced with interesting synonyms that transform a learner from amateur talker to skilled communicator. Beyond Grammar Mastery A thorough look into this pack's offerings can undeniably elevate student capabilities regarding correct grammar usage – paving a solid path towards mastering the language. Modern-day teaching techniques suggest various methodologies from whole group attention to individual assignments or small focus groups; these worksheets are designed to fit perfectly with any teaching approach. Who Can Benefit? This PDF resource is ideal for Language Arts educators, especially those teaching English as a Second Language (ESL). Being applicable from Grades 8 up till Grade 12 and also relevant to those not specific related grade levels, it is dimensional in its reach – empowering instructors to devise effective teaching strategies and ultimately, enhancing students' command of the language. With continuous practice supported by accompanying exercises, students can fully grasp each lesson unit . The Big Payoff Students emerge from this course with significantly enriched English skills - a testament to the value it provides!
Author Guinea Pig Education
Tags Education, Language Learning, Personal Statement, Job Application, English Proficiency
Fossil Fuels - A Science Reading Comprehension Resource - Grade 8 and Up
Science, Physics, Grade 10, 11, 12, Worksheets & Printables, Worksheets
The Fossil Fuels - A Science Reading Comprehension Resource - Grade 8 and Up is a thorough and versatile tool designed for educators looking to provide an engaging introduction to the world of fossil fuels. The resource is well-suited for both conventional classroom settings and homeschooling scenarios. Main Topics: Origins of fossil fuels Formation of fossil fuels Different types of fossil fuels in use today Mankind's reliance on these carbon-rich resources The environmental impact of using these resources. This resource can effectively be used as either a group activity or an individual assignment, giving educators ample flexibility concerning its implementation. Furthermore, the material has been meticulously formatted beforehand, alleviating any formatting concerns on part of the educator. Versions available include Microsoft Word documents, PDFs, and Google Classroom integrations. Despite being designed primarily for Grades 10-12 students, this material is also suitable even at a Grade 7-8 reading level thanks to its straightforward language and approachable topics—making it an effective intermediary introduction towards more complex subjects in science. Bonus Features: + Adaptable nature accommodating beyond structured classroom use. + Proven beneficial as supplementary reading comprehension activity. + Relevant topics addressing global energy conservation issues. To cap it off, there's an accessible answer key. This includes open-ended questions helping educators assess comprehension levels accurately while implementing their teaching strategies effectively. The Fossil Fuels - A Science Reading Comprehension Resource - Grade 8 and Up epitomizes proficient educational tools engineered with contemporary education hurdles in focus.
Author Teach With Fergy
Tags Fossil Fuels, Science Education, Reading Comprehension, Environmental Impact, Energy Conservation
Research Organizer & Essay Assignment: George Eliot
ELA, Literature, Writing, Grade 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, Activities, Projects, Worksheets & Printables, Worksheets
Research Organizer & Essay Assignment: George Eliot Guide students to independently research and write a 5-paragraph essay about renowned Victorian Era author George Eliot. This 6-page teaching resource includes a scaffolded research planner and essay assignment with directions, requirements, writing tips, peer review checklist, and rubric tied to Common Core ELA standards. Also includes a biography and note-taking worksheet for gathering facts and quality sources on George Eliot, plus an essay outline to help build a draft. Use the full lesson or just parts as a research activity or sub plan for grades 8-11. Provided as customizable print-ready PDFs and a Google Sheet rubric ready for Google Classroom integration.
Author The Language of Educational Art, LLC
Tags Essay, Research, Rubric, Outlining, Notetaking
Why Leaves Change Color In The Fall Reading Comprehension Article
Science, Life Sciences, Biology, Grade 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, Worksheets & Printables, Worksheets
'Why Leaves Change Color In The Fall Reading Comprehension Article' is an essential teaching resource mainly crafted for educators. These could include public school teachers and homeschooling parents. Primarily targeting high school students and advanced middle-school learners, this tool serves to boost literacy skills while also demystifying the fascinating science behind why leaves change color during autumn. Direct Knowledge Questions: Detailed examination of information directly from the reading material. Thinking, Connecting Activity Inquiries: A comprehensive exploration of various topics such as species differences among trees and trees that don't change color. The article package provides effortless deployment with flexibility in formats comprising a Microsoft Word version, a PDF version, plus integration with Google Classroom for easy distance learning scenarios. Since there are no restrictions by location or device used, all materials are easily downloadable or print-ready straightaway besides quick assignment possibilities via online classrooms. This comprehension article can be implemented either in whole group settings or smaller group discussions. It not only encourages pupils' active engagement during class sessions but also serves as homework assignments ensuring knowledge is well absorbed across all learners. The reading consumes approximately 50-75 minutes entailing certain open-ended questions which challenge their inherent assumptions while spiking curiosity levels towards the subject matter at hand; this with a provided answer key aiding easy referencing by educators when verifying student responses hence adding convenience. Coupled with its capacity to enhance comprehension and analysis skills among users, this tool assists in meeting high academic standards like NGSS and TEKS Common Core Standards without requiring any additional modification on your end: An ideal aid for teachers aiming to nurture scientific literacy among their students. Offering extensive insights into Biology topics related to seasonal changes, this resource aids classroom teachings as well as distance learning programs. Track students' progress remotely when preparing for exams and foster an overall academic performance with our engaging 'Why Leaves Change Color In The Fall Reading Comprehension Article'.
Author Teach With Fergy
Tags Leaves, Fall, Color Change, Trees, Science
Research Organizer & Essay Assignment: F. Scott Fitzgerald
ELA, Literature, Writing, Grade 9, 10, 11, 12, Activities, Projects, Worksheets & Printables, Worksheets
Research Organizer & Essay Assignment: F. Scott Fitzgerald Guide students to research the renowned author F. Scott Fitzgerald through this easy-to-implement resource. Students gather facts and sources about Fitzgerald's life using the background research and note-taking worksheet. Next, they outline their essay using the provided template, which structures their work into an informative five-paragraph format. Students then write a draft, utilize the peer review checklist, and submit a final version. Assess their work using the included rubric tied to Common Core ELA standards. Use the full resource for a complete research lesson or individual components as needed. This scaffolded and clearly organized resource makes researching and essay writing on Fitzgerald's life simple for students in grades 8-11. Editable files allow customization as desired.
Author The Language of Educational Art, LLC
Tags Essay, Rubric, Research, Notetaking, Outlining
Use Better Vocabulary In Your Writing: walk (EFL Work Pack) 8+
ELA, Language Development, ESL, Grade 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, Worksheets & Printables, Worksheets
Use Better Vocabulary In Your Writing: walk (EFL Work Pack) 8+ This is an invaluable teaching resource designed specifically for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students from eight years old through to adults. Set around the engaging 'Zoggy' comic character, the pack helps boost English understanding and command. The Versatile Learning Material The strong educational content in this pack can be adopted across grade levels 4 to 12. This makes it flexibly applicable in varying learning contexts. Friendly User Format and Contents This resource is presented as a easily navigable five-page PDF document. The contents include: Tuition lessons with follow-up exercises for practice. An exploration of idioms and colloquial phrases typically used by native English speakers. Tuition on correct usage of prepositions. A guide on drafting formal letters in proper English format. Vocabulary expansion exercises targeting both speech and writing skills development. Versatile for Classroom or Home Tutoring Application This material can be effectively utilized either as part of full class instruction, small group learning, or homeschooling assignments. Leveraging this key resource will significantly enhance your student's proficiency in both written English tasks and verbal communication activities .
Author Guinea Pig Education
Tags Vocabulary Enrichment, EFL Learning, Idioms And Phrases, Prepositions, Formal Letter Writing
Research Organizer & Essay Assignment: Theodore Roosevelt
Social Studies, ELA, History, History: USA, Writing, Grade 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, Activities, Projects, Worksheets & Printables, Worksheets
No U.S. presidents has had as large an impact on National Parks Theodore Roosevelt. This resource provides your students with the opportunity to independently learn about and synthesize the life of the 26th president with this engaging research planner and essay assignment. This carefully scaffolded and easy-to-assign-AND-assess resource has been designed to guide student learning from Teddy Roosevelt fact-collection to the careful development of a five-paragraph research essay. Teaching this resource could not be easier! Start by handing out the background research and note-taking worksheet (you could also ONLY hand this out if you want a shorter lesson!). Once students have found their facts and sources, provide them with the essay outline activity, which guides them step-by-step through the requirements of a short research essay. From there, drafting their essay, using the provided peer review checklist, and submitting their final draft will be no problem at all. And then you can assess their work with the provided Common Core rubric! Use this entire resource as a complete research lesson or just part of it as a short research activity or sub plan! This TeachSimple download includes: - A Theodore Roosevelt essay writing assignment with directions, requirements, research essay writing tips, a peer review checklist, and Common Core-tied grading rubric - An editable rubric, provided as a link, that lets you make adjustments to the grade values and guidelines. This link is provided as as Google Sheet specifically built for integration into Google Classroom, although you can also modify it for use in other Learning Management Systems (LMSs) - An Teddy Roosevelt biography and note-taking worksheet that will guide your students through information gathering. This straightforward two-page handout includes instructions for background research, a fun drawing section, and an area to cite quality sources and organize conducted research - A research essay outlining worksheet, so students build on their Theodore Roosevelt notes in a clear and simple manner as they build their work towards a draft and final paper - All 6-pages of this lesson are provided in full-color and B&W versions Although this resource can be fitted for any secondary Language Arts classroom, it has been carefully designed to work best in grades 8 through 11. The included rubric is subtly but specifically tied to Common Core ELA Standards for Language (3) and Writing (2 and 7). This resource is provided as a print-ready, bookmarked, and adjustable PDF file. The rubric is also included as an editable Google Sheet. This resource contains 6 pages and 1 Google Sheet.
Author The Language of Educational Art, LLC
Tags Essay, Rubric, Research, Notetaking, Outlining
Down Syndrome Reading Comprehension Article
Science, Life Sciences, Biology, Grade 9, 10, 11, 12, Worksheets & Printables, Worksheets
Down Syndrome Reading Comprehension Article The Down Syndrome Reading Comprehension Article is an in-depth educational resource intended for educators ranging from public school teachers to homeschoolers. The purpose of this crucial tool is to enhance students' comprehension skills, scientific literacy, and their understanding of Down Syndrome as well as other more wide-ranging scientific topics. Where This Material Can Be Helpful: In class group activities Small group discussions Homework assignments Special learning sessions. This comprehensive material centers around Down Syndrome but also touches on other areas of health including common illnesses such as colds and flu through to more complex diseases like Parkinson’s disease and cancer. User-Friendly For Everyone: This easy-to-use teaching tool can be simply downloaded, printed or directly uploaded onto your virtual classroom site. Created with compatibility for both traditional classroom settings and online education formats in mind, it integrates seamlessly with Google Classroom. A Hassle-Free Experience For Teachers: The detailed study guide requires minimum preparation from teachers - you won't have to stress about formatting issues since every aspect has been efficiently prepared. The resources come readily available in Microsoft Word document files and PDF versions ensuring accessible content regardless of the location - at home or school. Promote Literacy & Develop Crucial Skills: Incorporating this tool into your teaching curriculum can greatly enhance the scientific literacy levels within a span of approximately 50-75 minutes per use while promoting development of analytical skills via open-ended questions that stimulate critical thinking processes. Moreover, the resource comes complete with an answer key making assessment a breeze while ensuring availability when required without any additional investment of time or money. Recommended Use: This resource is primarily designed for Grade 9-12 classes specializing in Science (Biology) but it can be adapted and utilized by teachers of other subjects or for lower grade levels. The Down Syndrome Reading Comprehension Article is a pivotal educational tool to make learning informative, comprehensive, and engaging.
Author Teach With Fergy
Tags Down Syndrome, Biology, Science Literacy, Reading Comprehension, Instructional Resource, Down Syndrome Reading
Nuclear Energy Reading Comprehension Article
Science, Physics, Grade 10, 11, 12, Worksheets & Printables, Worksheets
Nuclear Energy Reading Comprehension Article Review Product Description: This is a highly effective teaching resource designed to integrate literacy and science knowledge. Ideal for public school teachers and homeschoolers, this tool revolves around nuclear energy, specifically fission and fusion with pertinence to varied types of questions. A brief history of nuclear energy generation Understanding how nuclear energy works Exploring current applications of nuclear energy Dicussing the environmental impact or emissions from nuclear power plants Futures prospects regarding sustainability issues Note: Both Google Classroom, PDFs, and Microsoft Word versions are available making it user-friendly for different classroom environments.. Pedagogical Applications & Implications: This resource can be used: To supplement topic introduction As a measurment tool for student's literacy competencies To lead whole group discussion or individual tasks during classroom hours As homework assignment s The answer key provide an excellent help when grading assignments. allah if you fall behind on your duties. Varied question types nudges critical thinking among students encouraging disciplinary literary over approximately 50-75 minutes based on average student pacing. This product also affords continuity in learning as it serves as engaging substitute lesson plans during teacher absences. Notably suitable within health topics (ranging from the Common Cold up until the functions of the Nervous System), ecological discussions like invasive species up until intricate understanding Greenhouse effect including fundamental physics concepts' clarification from magnets to automobile safety. Rather, everything listed here caters effectively toward grade 10-12 levels. Standards Compliance: Nuclear Energy Reading Comprehension Article syncs with standards such as NGSS, TEKS and Common Core making it an incredibly versatile addition to your teaching tools.
Author Teach With Fergy
Tags Nuclear Energy, Reading Comprehension, Fission, Fusion, Scientific Literacy
Optical Phenomena - Science Reading Article - Grade 8 and Up
Science, Physics, Grade 10, 11, 12, Worksheets & Printables, Worksheets
Optical Phenomena. Reading Comprehension - Disciplinary Literacy. Tackle literacy and science by having your students read and answer questions from a scientific article. Questions include knowledge (direct from the paper), thinking, connecting and open-ended varieties. This resource covers the following topics: - What are optical phenomena? - Apparent depth - Coronas -Displacement - Glories - Green flashes - Halos - Mirages - The northern lights - Rainbows - Scattered light - Sundogs - Sun pillars - Twinkling stars ************************ Google Classroom and Distance Learning Ready This resource is perfect for in-class or distance learning and integrates seamlessly with Google Classroom. Automatically creates a copy of the reading and puts it directly into your Google Drive with a single click. Purchase --> Open --> Click --> Assign to your students The reading also includes a Microsoft Word and PDF version. Having all three options allow you to assign the reading to your students without worrying about formatting issues as all the work has already been done for you. It also allows you, as well as your students, to access everything no matter where you are or what kind of equipment is being used. --------------------------------------------------- The Problem You Face - Not having the time to properly teach scientific literacy (disciplinary literacy) or improve your students reading comprehension and analysis skills. The Solution This fully editable, NO PREP reading comprehension article is composed of relevant, applicable and engaging reading activities which can be used to: • introduce your topic • improve your students reading comprehension and scientific literacy skills • improve your students' analysis skills • provide an extension activity to students who move at a faster pace • provide extra credit to students in need • measure your students literacy skills --------------------------------------------------- This resource will take your students between 50-75 minutes to complete and includes some open-ended questions. An answer key is also included for your reference. ----------------------------------------------- You might also be interested in the following individual reading comprehension articles: Health: • The Common Cold • The Flu • Exercise and its Importance for Health • Stem Cell Therapy: The Future of Medicine? • Concussions • Poliomyelitis - Polio • Smallpox • The Measles • Genetics and Gene Therapy • Heart Diseases • Cancer • The Effects of Caffeine • Down syndrome • HIV/AIDS - Informing the Public and Dispelling the Misconceptions • The Effect of Stress on the Brain • The Effect of Sugar on the Body • Whooping Cough • Asthma and Asthma Attacks • The Immune System • Farming: Organic vs. Conventional • The Dangers of Smoking • Parkinson’s Disease • Protective Equipment - Keeping you safe • Fats • Tinnitus – Ringing in the Ears • Cystic Fibrosis • The Effects Of Binge Drinking On Teenagers • Multiple Sclerosis • Painkillers • Diabetes • Radioactivity • Scarring • Allergies • Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Health • The Placebo Effect • The Nervous System Earth and Space: • The Northern and Southern Lights • The Limitations of Space Travel • Why is the Sky Blue? An application of light waves • Stars - The Element Factories of the Universe • Solar and Lunar Eclipses • The Different Types of Clouds • How Weather Works • Natural Disasters • Thunderstorms • Fossils • Geologic Time • Watersheds • Hurricanes • Planets • Phases of Water Energy: • Fossil Fuels • Nuclear Energy: Fission and Fusion • Hydroelectric Energy Production • Solar Energy Production • Wind Energy Production • Renewable Energy Production • Hydraulic Fracturing - Fracking • Biofuels - Food or Fuel? • Electric House • Energy Use and Conservation Physics: • Magnets and Electromagnets • Roller Coasters - History, Design, and Function • How Do Boats Float? • Optical Phenomena • The Effects of Everyday Forces • Hydraulics • Hot-Air Balloons • Simple Machines • Automobile Safety • Pneumatics Chemistry: • The Chemistry of Explosions • Plastics: A Marvel Of Innovation • The Chemistry of Paint • Water Softeners and Hard Water • Cleaning up Acid Spills • The Accumulation of Plastic in the Ocean • Chemistry of Cooking • Chemistry of Cosmetics • Blood Analysis and Forensics • Radioactivity • Desalination for Drinking Water • Rust-Proofing Biology: • Fermentation and Food • DNA Paternity Tests • Laser Eye Surgery • Physical Adaptations • Muscle Growth • Genetically Modified Organisms • Mosquitoes And The Diseases They Spread • Twins • GERD and Acid Reflux - A Digestive System Disease • Bats – Misconceptions, Importance, and Facts • Superbugs - The Super Villains of Modern Medicine • Heart Attack and Stroke • Why Leaves Change Color In The Fall Ecology and the Environment: • Invasive Species • Ecosystems • Pesticides • The Importance of Bees • Coral Reef Ecosystems and their Future • Climate Change • Hydraulic Fracturing - Fracking • Farming: Organic vs. Conventional • Oil Spills and Their Consequences • Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification • RuBisCO - Earth's Most Important Protein • Symbiotic relationships between plants and insects • Smog - Its Causes and Dangers • Ocean Acidification • Pollution Control Devices • Tap vs Bottled Water • Predator Prey Relationships • Greenhouse Effect Natural Disasters: • Volcanoes: The Benefits and Devastation • Earthquakes Part 1 • Earthquakes Part 2 • Tsunamis • How the Dinosaurs Died --------------------------------------------- Each summary is rich with age appropriate content (grades 8 and up) and is 2.5-3 pages long (13-font). Following each is a list of 8-13 questions along with the answer key, which will help guide your students understanding. How this product will help your students: - Improve their scientific and disciplinary literacy skills - Improve their reading comprehension and scientific knowledge - Give them insights into important scientific concepts - Provide an extension activity for your faster moving/more gifted students How this product will help you: - Allow you to meet the NGSS, TEKS and Common Core Standards - Provide you with a concise introduction to your topic - Provide you with an engaging and easy to leave substitute plan which will keep your students engaged and on task - Prove you a means of measuring your students' literacy skills We don't spend enough time teaching scientific literacy to our students. This is either because we don't have the resources to do so effectively or we don't have the time. However, teaching our students to become scientifically literate is vital if we want them to succeed in life. We need them to know about the world they live in and about the issues they face. Even issues as simple as the common cold are misunderstood and can lead to the misuse of antibacterial drugs eventually rendering them ineffective. It can be used as a tool in your teaching arsenal on a regular basis, an extension activity for your faster learners, left for a substitute in an emergency or planned absence or as an extra bit of information for a topic. ***************************** For free resources, useful teaching tips, and tools, please visit my blog - TeachScienceWithFergy.com If you have any questions please feel free to send me an email - devon@teachwithfergy.com
Author Teach With Fergy
Tags Optical, Reflection, Coronas, Reading, Comprehension
Use The Right Prepositions In English (EFL Work Pack) 8+
ELA, Language Development, ESL, Grade 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, Worksheets & Printables, Worksheets
The Use The Right Prepositions In English (EFL Work Pack) 8+ This meticulously designed teaching resource is ideally suited for educators introducing English as a second language to their students. Carefully tailored for intermediate-level English speakers keen on enhancing their written skills, this work pack provides an engaging platform for learning. Unique Approach Our educative aid offers a unique approach to the traditional ESL teaching methodologies. Its core character, ‘the alien Zoggy’, functions as an endearing guide through the process of refining one's English skills. This light-hearted route makes it suitable not only for young learners aged 8 and above but even adult learners. Key Focus Areas Demystifying Idioms: It aids comprehension of common idioms and colloquial phrases used by native speakers which could otherwise confuse non-native learners. Sentence Construction: It encourages proper usage of prepositions after verbs—an integral aspect often overlooked in traditional ESL teachings. Vocabulary Expansion: The pack includes sections focused on enriching vocabulary by replacing common words with interesting alternatives thereby boosting student’s confidence in communication scenarios. Professional Skills:The work pack dutifully covers setting out formal letters—a crucial ability required both academically and professionally. Inclusive Feature Set This comprehensive toolkit that reinforces grammar accuracy—a challenging area especially among ESL students also comes with targeted exercise sheets that allows students sufficient practice opportunities thereby solidifying what is learnt across lessons. A multi-functional tool, it caters well to both individual study time or group activities at schools or during homeschooling sessions. Owing to its flexible and non-grade specific nature , this product targets primarily grades 5 -12 though it can be adapted for any learning level within the mentioned grades. Delivery Format In addition to functioning as a worksheet, the Use The Right Prepositions In English (EFL Work Pack) 8+ is available in PDF format thereby ensuring ease of accessibility and convenience across multi-teaching scenarios.
Author Guinea Pig Education
Tags Prepositions, English Language Learning, EFL, Idioms, Grammar
HIV and AIDS Reading Comprehension Article
Science, Life Sciences, Biology, Grade 10, 11, 12, Worksheets & Printables, Worksheets
HIV and AIDS Reading Comprehension Article: A Teaching Resource The HIV and AIDS Reading Comprehension Article is an invaluable teaching resource specifically designed for grades 10, 11, and 12 to educate students about the real facts surrounding HIV/AIDS. This resource aids in dispelling myths while boosting scientific literacy. Key Topics Included Stigma associated with HIV/AIDS Present-day understanding of the diseases Stages of infection and transmission precautions Treatments available for these diseases Important stats providing context to the global problem posed by these diseases. This comprehensive set easily integrates with remote learning environments, being Google Classroom-ready. The articles come in multiple file types including Microsoft Word and PDF versions, eliminating worries over formatting issues or accessibility across different devices. Benefits of Using this Resource: In-Depth Questions: Detailed questions follow each article read. These are specifically crafted not only for testing comprehension but also pushing student’s thinking skills to higher levels. It further enhances their connecting skills via open-ended query types - all critical aspects required in scientific discussions. Versatility: The worksheets can be used during whole-group instruction or assigned out in smaller group increments depending on class dynamics. They serve equally well as extra credit assignments or homework tasks. Ease-of-Use for Educators: An provided answer key aids teachers mark rapidly & effectively while offering constructive input based on student responses during these sessions. It provides support to busy educators tasked with improving their learners’ reading comprehension skills & scientific knowledge using a simple yet comprehensive resource pack. Concluding Thoughts: This robust teaching tool tackles not just an understanding of Global Health concerns like HIV/AIDS but advocates a deeper appreciation and application of Science Literacy. For gifted pupils, extension activities are inclusive, allowing for a wider reach in educational inclusivity.
Author Teach With Fergy
Tags HIV, AIDS, Science Literacy, Reading Comprehension, Global Health
Roller Coasters Reading Comprehension Article
Science, Physics, Grade 10, 11, 12, Worksheets & Printables, Worksheets
The Roller Coasters Reading Comprehension Article: An Outstanding Teaching Resource This resource is specially designed for educators including public school teachers and homeschooling parents. It offers an in-depth exploration of the history, design, and function of roller coasters suitable for Grade 10 to 12 students in physics . A Dual Benefit: Literacy Development and Scientific Understanding The resource enhances both literacy development and scientific understanding through its disciplinary literacy approach - where students read a scientific article about roller coasters and answer questions from the text. Coverage of Key Topics Wooden versus steel roller coasters, How they work, Concepts related to energy conservation efficiency. Past users have commended how well written it is, even for middle school learners. Incredible Versatility for Adaptability in Various Teaching Scenarios Brief Whole Class Discussions Focused Small Group Activities In-depth Homework Assignments Suitable For Traditional Classrooms As Well As Distance Learning Situations. This Makes It A Google Classroom Ready Material! Simplicity In Sharing Via Google Drive With Embedded Privacy Protection. This feature ensures that with just one click, a copy of the material can be placed in your Drive while maintaining privacy. Diverse Format Options To Suit Various Needs: Wide array of pre-reformed work formats available including: PDF In Summary: If improving scientific literacy and students' reading comprehension has been a challenge due to time constraints, this resource could be your solution. It includes an answer key for easy reference and requires between 50-75 minutes to complete. Truly, a teaching time-saver.
Author Teach With Fergy
Tags Roller Coasters, Science Curriculum, Physics, Energy Conservation, Reading Comprehension
Hans Krebs – Fact Sheet, Quiz & Interactive PDF incl. H5P
Life Sciences, Science, STEM, History, Social Studies, Biographies, Inventors, Basic Science, Biology, Chemistry, Grade 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, Worksheets, Worksheets & Printables, Quizzes, Quizzes and Tests, Teacher Tools, Projects, Activities
Scientist Hans Krebs - Fact Sheet, Quiz & Interactive Version (PDF & H5P) Hans Krebs – Cellular Respiration and the Discovery of the Krebs Cycle Fact Sheet, Quiz & Interactive Exercises (PDF + H5P) 🔁🧬 This 45-minute resource introduces students in grades 10–12 to Hans Krebs – the scientist who uncovered one of the most important metabolic pathways in our cells: the citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle. When teaching cellular respiration, many students can follow the basics of glucose breakdown and ATP production – but the details of what happens in the mitochondria often feel abstract. Krebs' discovery in the 1930s helped explain how cells extract energy efficiently from food molecules through a cycle of chemical reactions. It’s a key part of understanding aerobic respiration and metabolism. To make this complex process more accessible, I’ve created a structured lesson that includes a short informational text, a fact sheet, quiz questions with answers, and a creative partner task. All materials are available in color and black-and-white, plus there’s a digital H5P version for interactive learning. What’s included: A student-friendly text about Hans Krebs and the citric acid cycle A fact sheet to help visualize and summarize the steps of the cycle Quiz questions (with answer key) for quick review or comprehension checks A creative task where students develop and exchange their own questions in pairs Formats: Printable PDF and interactive H5P 💻 Answer key included ✅ I’ve used this resource during our unit on cellular respiration, often right after glycolysis and before moving on to the electron transport chain. It’s especially helpful for students who benefit from breaking down complex processes into steps. The partner activity works well for revision or as preparation for assessments. 🚀 Download now and bring the legacy of Hans Krebs into your biology lessons today! 📍 Best wishes, Heike from Lernfitness Did You Know? I teach with a certified therapy dog, and together we create a positive and inspiring learning environment. 🐶✨
Author Lernfitness
Tags Science, Biology, Famous Scientists Lesson, H5P, Interactive Science Exercises, STEM, History, Scientists, Hans Krebs, Citric Acid Cycle
Research Organizer & Essay Assignment: Robert Frost
ELA, Literature, Poetry, Writing, Grade 9, 10, 11, 12, Activities, Projects, Worksheets & Printables, Worksheets
Robert Frost has been inspiring aspiring poets and enthusiastic literary scholars for generations. This resource provides your students with the opportunity to independently explore and write about the life of the writer of "The Road Less Taken," with this engaging research planner and essay assignment. This carefully scaffolded and easy-to-assign-AND-assess resource has been designed to guide student learning from Robert Frost fact-collection to the careful development of a five-paragraph research essay. Teaching this resource could not be easier! Start by handing out the background research and note-taking worksheet (you could also ONLY hand this out if you want a shorter lesson!). Once students have found their facts and sources, provide them with the essay outline activity, which guides them step-by-step through the requirements of a short research essay. From there, drafting their essay, using the provided peer review checklist, and submitting their final draft will be no problem at all. And then you can assess their work with the provided Common Core rubric! Use this entire resource as a complete research lesson or just part of it as a short research activity or sub plan! This TeachSimple download includes: - A Robert Frost essay writing assignment with directions, requirements, research essay writing tips, a peer review checklist, and Common Core-tied grading rubric - An editable rubric, provided as a link, that lets you make adjustments to the grade values and guidelines. This link is provided as as Google Sheet specifically built for integration into Google Classroom, although you can also modify it for use in other Learning Management Systems (LMSs) - A Robert Frost biography and note-taking worksheet that will guide your students through information gathering. This straightforward two-page handout includes instructions for background research, a fun drawing section, and an area to cite quality sources and organize conducted research - A research essay outlining worksheet, so students build on their Robert Frost notes in a clear and simple manner as they build their work towards a draft and final paper - All 6-pages of this lesson are provided in full-color and B&W versions Although this resource can be fitted for any secondary Language Arts classroom, it has been carefully designed to work best in grades 8 through 11. The included rubric is subtly but specifically tied to Common Core ELA Standards for Language (3) and Writing (2 and 7). This resource is provided as a print-ready, bookmarked, and adjustable PDF file. The rubric is also included as an editable Google Sheet. This resource contains 6 pages and 1 Google Sheet.
Author The Language of Educational Art, LLC
Tags Essay, Research, Notetaking, Rubric, Outlining